\u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u00dcniversitesi Kurucu Rekt\u00f6r\u00fc, Psikiyatrist Prof. Dr. Nevzat Tarhan, \u015fiddet ve \u015fiddet psikolojisi konusunu de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n
Medya g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fiddeti hem art\u0131r\u0131yor hem duyars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n IPSOS\u2019un 29 \u00fclkede yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara at\u0131f yapan Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re \u015fiddetin istatistiksel olarak da artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve medyan\u0131n bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendirdi:<\/p>\n \u201c\u015eiddet olaylar\u0131 medyan\u0131n ya\u015famsal g\u0131das\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olaylar izlenirli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131yor. \u0130nsan biyolojik olarak olumsuza daha duyarl\u0131d\u0131r. Medya bunu fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin s\u0131k tekrar\u0131 insanlarda duyars\u0131zla\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 ki\u015filer \u015fiddeti model al\u0131yor, baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00fcnya sendromu\u2019 dedi\u011fimiz bir ka\u00e7\u0131nma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftiriyor, baz\u0131 gen\u00e7ler sald\u0131rganla\u015f\u0131yor, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise depresifle\u015fiyor.\u201d<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en \u00e7ok art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren \u015fiddet t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn sosyal \u015fiddet oldu\u011funu dile getiren Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cEmpati eksikli\u011fi ve alkol, madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde \u015fiddet ciddi bi\u00e7imde art\u0131yor. Yasakl\u0131 maddelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131, insan\u0131n hem kendisine hem \u00e7evresine zarar verme e\u011filimini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde \u015fiddet cezas\u0131zl\u0131k alg\u0131s\u0131yla birle\u015fti\u011finde, zorbal\u0131k normalle\u015fiyor. Ki\u015finin kendine zarar verme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bile olmamal\u0131\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Utanma duygusu zay\u0131flad\u0131k\u00e7a sald\u0131rganl\u0131k art\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eiddetin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyutuna da de\u011finen Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cUtanma duygusunun zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumlarda sayg\u0131 azal\u0131yor\u201d ifadesinde bulundu. Japon k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde utanc\u0131n y\u00fcceltilmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fiddetin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde seyretti\u011fini belirten Prof. Dr. \u00a0Tarhan, \u015fu \u00f6rne\u011fi verdi:<\/p>\n \u201cJaponya\u2019da toplum \u00f6n\u00fcnde mahcup olma duygusu \u00f6yle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ki, ki\u015fi utan\u00e7tan intihar edecek noktaya gelebiliyor. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrsel kontrol mekanizmas\u0131 sosyal d\u00fczeni koruyor. Ancak yeni ku\u015faklarda utanma duygusu zay\u0131flad\u0131k\u00e7a, empatiyle birlikte sayg\u0131 da eriyor. \u00c7ocuk ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131, e\u015fyas\u0131n\u0131 umursamamay\u0131 normal g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Empati ve utanma duygusu zay\u0131flad\u0131k\u00e7a sald\u0131rganl\u0131k art\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n \u2018Sana yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemedi\u011fini ba\u015fkas\u0131na yapma\u2019 kural\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Tarhan, toplumsal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmenin temelinde benmerkezcilik ve nemelaz\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederek, \u201c20 y\u0131l sonra biz de Bat\u0131\u2019daki benmerkezci, duyars\u0131z k\u00fclt\u00fcrle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabiliriz. \u2018Ba\u015fkas\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lse bana ne, ben tok olduktan sonra\u2019 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yay\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m k\u00fcresel bir tehdit. 1993\u2019te Chicago\u2019da toplanan D\u00fcnya K\u00fcresel Ahlak Deklarasyonu\u2019nda, \u2018Sana yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemedi\u011fini ba\u015fkas\u0131na yapma\u2019 kural\u0131 evrensel olarak vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn yeniden buna ihtiya\u00e7 var.\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan beynindeki algoritmay\u0131 yeniden yazabilir<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eiddet e\u011filimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini kaydeden Prof. Dr. Tarhan, beynin epigenetik ve n\u00f6roplastik yap\u0131s\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti. Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130nsan\u0131n beynine bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce girdi\u011finde, o d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye duygu eklenirse inan\u00e7 haline gelir. Alt\u0131 hafta s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse ki\u015filik haline gelir. Yanl\u0131\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce fark edildi\u011finde, ki\u015fi beynindeki algoritmay\u0131 yeniden yazabilir. Buna \u2018reprogramming\u2019 diyoruz. Alternatif d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce teknikleri, stresle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma bi\u00e7imlerini de\u011fi\u015ftiren zihinsel esneklik, \u015fiddet e\u011filimlerini d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmede \u00e7ok etkili.\u201d<\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Tarhan, beyni en aktif tutan \u015feyin sadece bilgi \u00f6\u011frenmek de\u011fil, \u00f6\u011frenileni deneyimlemek ve anlatmak oldu\u011funu dile getirdi ve \u201cBeyin \u2018ya kullan ya kaybet\u2019 kural\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yeni deneyimlere a\u00e7\u0131k, rutini k\u0131ran ki\u015filer Alzheimer\u2019a bile daha diren\u00e7li. S\u00fcrekli ayn\u0131 \u015feyi yapan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyen, sorgulamayan ki\u015filerde ise beyin yollar\u0131 k\u00f6relir.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u015eiddetin arkas\u0131nda depresyon ve stres var<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cErkek \u015fiddetinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 asl\u0131nda klinik vakalar\u201d diyen Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cBir\u00e7ok erkek \u00f6fkesinin fark\u0131nda de\u011fil, asl\u0131nda depresyon ya\u015f\u0131yor. Kad\u0131n duygular\u0131n\u0131 a\u011flayarak d\u0131\u015fa vururken, erkek \u00f6fke yoluyla ifade ediyor. \u015eiddet, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman depresyonun d\u0131\u015favurum bi\u00e7imi. Stres seviyesi k\u00fcresel olarak \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek. \u0130nsan beyni her g\u00fcn aslanla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f gibi tehdit alg\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bu biyolojik stres y\u00fck\u00fc, \u015fiddeti ve intihar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya genelinde intihar oranlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7lerde h\u0131zla y\u00fckseldi\u011fini belirten Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201c\u0130ngiltere\u2019de 16-24 ya\u015f aras\u0131 gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda trafik kazalar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok intihar nedeniyle \u00f6l\u00fcm ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Bu, k\u00fcresel bir alarmd\u0131r\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n \u015eiddetin \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in bireysel ve toplumsal d\u00fczeyde \u00f6zdenetim ve empati e\u011fitimine ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funu vurgulayan Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201c\u015eiddetin biyolojik, psikolojik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamadan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretilemez. \u0130nsanlara \u00f6zbilin\u00e7, \u00f6zdenetim, empati ve alternatif d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imleri kazand\u0131rmak gerekiyor. Bu e\u011fitim erken ya\u015fta ba\u015flarsa, toplumda dayan\u0131\u015fma, sayg\u0131 ve merhamet yeniden k\u00f6k salabilir.\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Genetik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ne s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Nevzat Tarhan, \u015fiddetin do\u011fu\u015ftan gelip gelmedi\u011fi konusunda bilimsel bulgulara dikkat \u00e7ekerek, \u201c\u015eiddetle ilgili \u00e7ok genetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u2018Su\u00e7 geni var m\u0131?\u2019 diye bak\u0131ld\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ortak nokta \u015fu: Sald\u0131rganl\u0131k e\u011filimiyle ilgili gen var fakat do\u011fu\u015ftan su\u00e7lu yok. Do\u011fu\u015ftan psikopat yok.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Dopamin ve COMT geninin \u00f6nemine i\u015faret eden Prof. Dr. Tarhan, bu genlerin baz\u0131 bireylerde sald\u0131rganl\u0131k e\u011filimini art\u0131rabildi\u011fini, fakat bunun su\u00e7a y\u00f6nelmek anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini belirtti:<\/p>\n \u201cCOMT geninin GG aleli \u00f6zellikle ABD\u2019de karma d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sporcular\u0131nda \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 gen baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde psikoz riskini art\u0131r\u0131yor. Ama bu hastal\u0131k de\u011fil, yatk\u0131nl\u0131k geni. \u00d6nemli olan ki\u015finin o enerjiyi nereye kanalize etti\u011fi.\u201d diyen Prof. Dr. Tarhan, benzer genlere sahip iki karde\u015ften birinin bilim insan\u0131 olabildi\u011fini, di\u011ferinin ise su\u00e7a y\u00f6nelebildi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi ve \u201cGenler bir sermayedir; onu iyi ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc kullanmak ki\u015finin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesiyle ilgilidir.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n \u00c7ocuklukta \u00f6\u011frenilen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kader olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cBen babamdan \u015fiddet g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, ben de uygulayaca\u011f\u0131m deme hakk\u0131 yok. 15 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar \u00f6\u011freniyorsun ama 15\u2019ten sonra bunu de\u011fi\u015ftirme sorumlulu\u011fun var.\u201d ifadesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n Narsistik ki\u015filikler; dedi\u011fini yapmazsan \u015fiddete ba\u015fvurabilir<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eiddet davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sadece fiziksel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; tehdit, mobbing ve ekonomik bask\u0131n\u0131n da \u015fiddet t\u00fcrleri oldu\u011funu vurgulayan Prof. Dr. Tarhan, en \u00e7ok risk ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015filik yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralad\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cBirincisi antisosyal ki\u015filikler; su\u00e7a beceriklidir, ac\u0131mas\u0131zd\u0131r. \u0130kincisi narsistik ki\u015filikler; dedi\u011fini yapmazsan \u015fiddete ba\u015fvurabilir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc borderline ki\u015filikler; \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemezdir, dengesizdir. Ahlaki ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme anaokulu d\u00f6neminde \u00f6\u011fretilmeli<\/strong><\/p>\n Ahlaki ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u00f6\u011fretilmezse, o \u00e7ocu\u011fun ileride \u015fiddete y\u00f6nelebilece\u011fini ifade eden Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cBu beceri kendili\u011finden geli\u015fmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flardan itibaren kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bir e\u011fitim sistemi \u00e7ocu\u011fu \u015fiddete ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131lmak istiyorsa, ahlaki ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi daha anaokulu d\u00f6neminde \u00f6\u011fretmelidir. Bu \u00e7a\u011fda en b\u00fcy\u00fck rehberimiz ak\u0131l ve bilimdir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi yaln\u0131zca dini sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011fa de\u011fil, bilimsel sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011fa da dayanmal\u0131y\u0131z.\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmaktan zevk alan ki\u015filerin say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f var<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eiddetle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara i\u015faret eden Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n empati duygusunu, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na sayg\u0131y\u0131 ve nezaketi geli\u015ftirmesi gerekiyor. Bu nedenle \u2018akran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 yerine \u2018akran nezaketi\u2019 kavram\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Hatta sadece akran nezaketi de\u011fil, \u2018akran iyili\u011fi\u2019 denmesi daha do\u011fru. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir insan iyilik yapmay\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n merkezine al\u0131rsa iyicil davran\u0131\u015flar geli\u015ftirir, \u015fiddete y\u00f6nelmez. Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na daha rahat sayg\u0131 duyabilir. \u0130yilik yapmaktan zevk alan bir ki\u015fiden k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck beklenmez. Ne yaz\u0131k ki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmaktan zevk alan ki\u015filerin say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.\u201d<\/p>\n Stres y\u00fckseldi\u011finde baz\u0131 ki\u015filer \u00e7ok kolay \u00f6fkeleniyor<\/strong><\/p>\n Bask\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fiddeti art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na da dikkat \u00e7eken Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cG\u00fcc\u00fcn kanunda de\u011fil \u015fah\u0131sta oldu\u011fu aile, kurum ve toplumlarda \u015fiddet y\u00fckselir.\u201d ifadesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n Toplumsal yap\u0131da ya\u015fanan h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimlerin ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki etkilerine i\u015faret eden Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cSosyal ve ekonomik hareketlilik artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam var. Bu h\u0131z insanlarda stres seviyesini y\u00fckseltiyor. Stres y\u00fckseldi\u011finde baz\u0131 ki\u015filer \u00e7ok kolay \u00f6fkeleniyor. Cezaevine gidenlerin y\u00fczde 60\u201370\u2019i pi\u015fmand\u0131r; \u00e7o\u011fu bir anl\u0131k \u00f6fkeyle karar veriyor. Ayr\u0131ca madde kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ekonomik sorunlar \u00f6fkeyi tetikliyor.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Pandemi sonras\u0131 psikiyatrik sorunlar\u0131n belirgin bi\u00e7imde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cD\u00fcnyada \u015fu anda en \u00e7ok yap\u0131lan ila\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 antidepresanlar \u00fczerine. Depresyon ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Covid\u2019den sonra birinci, sonra ikinci s\u0131raya geldi. Bu tablo arka planda \u00f6fkenin, su\u00e7un, \u015fiddetin, bo\u015fanmalar\u0131n, aile i\u00e7i \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.\u201d \u015feklinde s\u00f6zlerini tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Kaynak: (BYZHA) Beyaz Haber Ajans\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u00dcniversitesi Kurucu Rekt\u00f6r\u00fc, Psikiyatrist Prof.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29598"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29600,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29598\/revisions\/29600"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u00a0D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc histriyonik ki\u015filikler; teatraldir, \u015fiddete \u00e7anak tutabilirler.\u201d<\/p>\n