T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Dilek\u00e7e Komisyonu b\u00fcnyesinde kurulan \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim ile Orta\u00f6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131nda Akran Zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Al\u0131nabilecek \u00d6nlemlerin Belirlenmesi Alt Komisyonu\u2019nun tutanak ve sunumlar\u0131ndan derlenen rapor, \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131ndaki zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyutlar\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n
Komisyon tutanaklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Hizmetleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Bilgi Teknolojileri ve \u0130leti\u015fim Kurumu (BTK) sunumlar\u0131 ve T\u00dc\u0130K T\u00fcrkiye \u00c7ocuk Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 verilerinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, hem geleneksel akran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem de giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcyen siber zorbal\u0131k riski ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Her 100 \u00e7ocuktan yakla\u015f\u0131k 14\u2019\u00fc zorbal\u0131\u011fa maruz kal\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n Rapora g\u00f6re 6-17 ya\u015f grubundaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n y\u00fczde 13,8\u2019i akranlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan zorbal\u0131\u011fa maruz kal\u0131yor. En s\u0131k rastlanan zorbal\u0131k bi\u00e7imi ise alay edilme. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n y\u00fczde 7,2\u2019si kas\u0131tl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde sosyal gruplardan d\u0131\u015flan\u0131rken, fiziksel \u015fiddete maruz kalanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 4,4 olarak bildiriliyor.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015flevsel zorluk ya\u015fayan \u00e7ocuklarda tablo daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131yor. G\u00f6rme, duyma, y\u00fcr\u00fcme, \u00f6\u011frenme, ileti\u015fim kurma veya \u00f6z bak\u0131m gibi alanlarda zorluk ya\u015fayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n zorbal\u0131\u011fa u\u011frama oran\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 27\u2019ye y\u00fckseliyor.<\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Tarhan: \u201cHer \u00e7ocuk \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 zorbal\u0131k de\u011fildir\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Akran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131radan anla\u015fmazl\u0131klarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirten Prof. Dr. Nevzat Tarhan, \u201c\u00d6ncelikle zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru tan\u0131mlamak gerekiyor. \u00c7ocuklar ve ergenler zaman zaman tart\u0131\u015fabilir, kavga edebilir, bir s\u00fcre sonra da bar\u0131\u015fabilirler. Her tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, her ses y\u00fckseltmeyi veya \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131ndaki her anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 akran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n zorbal\u0131k olarak tan\u0131mlanabilmesi i\u00e7in kas\u0131tl\u0131 olmas\u0131, tekrarlay\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve taraflar aras\u0131nda bir g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesizli\u011fi bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. Planl\u0131, sistematik ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 ezmeye, sindirmeye veya d\u0131\u015flamaya y\u00f6nelik bir davran\u0131\u015f varsa burada zorbal\u0131ktan s\u00f6z ederiz.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaln\u0131zca fiziksel \u015fiddetten ibaret olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cAlay etme, lakap takma, hakaret, tehdit gibi s\u00f6zel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra dedikodu \u00e7\u0131karma, gruba almama, kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakma gibi ili\u015fkisel zorbal\u0131k bi\u00e7imleri de vard\u0131r.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n \u201c\u00c7ocuk \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u2018Bana zorbal\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131yor\u2019 demez\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n fark edilmesinde aile ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin \u00e7ocu\u011fun davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimi iyi g\u00f6zlemlemesi gerekti\u011fini dile getiren Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan anlatmayabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201c\u00c7ocuk \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u2018Bana zorbal\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131yor\u2019 diye gelip s\u00f6ylemez. \u00d6zellikle ele\u015ftirilmekten, su\u00e7lanmaktan veya \u2018Sen de kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verseydin\u2019 denmesinden korkuyorsa ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine atabilir. Daha \u00f6nce severek okula giden bir \u00e7ocuk okula gitmek istemiyorsa, sabahlar\u0131 kar\u0131n veya ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 gibi yak\u0131nmalar geli\u015ftiriyorsa, ders ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsa, i\u00e7ine kapan\u0131yorsa, arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015f\u0131yorsa, odas\u0131na kapanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131ysa, uyku ve i\u015ftah d\u00fczeni de\u011fi\u015ftiyse bunun arka plan\u0131na bakmak gerekir. Okul reddinin arkas\u0131ndan kimi zaman akran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u00c7ocu\u011fun sorgulanmak yerine dinlenmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulayan Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201c\u2018Niye konu\u015fmuyorsun, sana ne oldu?\u2019 diye herkesin i\u00e7inde \u00e7ocu\u011fu s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak yerine, birebir konu\u015fup \u2018Senin i\u00e7in yapabilece\u011fim bir \u015fey var m\u0131, anlatmak ister misin?\u2019 denilmelidir. \u00c7ocu\u011fu konu\u015fturman\u0131n yolu konferans vermek de\u011fil, yatay ili\u015fki kurmak ve onu ger\u00e7ekten dinlemektir.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Farkl\u0131 olan \u00e7ocuk daha kolay hedef haline gelebiliyor<\/strong><\/p>\n Raporda i\u015flevsel zorluk ya\u015fayan \u00e7ocuklarda zorbal\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 27\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren Prof. Dr. Tarhan, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n okul ortam\u0131nda kolayl\u0131kla hedef haline getirilebildi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n \u201c\u00d6zel yetenekli, sosyal ileti\u015fimde zorlanan veya tak\u0131m ili\u015fkilerine uyum sa\u011flamakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7eken \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n daha fazla zorbal\u0131\u011fa maruz kalabildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.\u201d diyen Prof. Dr. Tarhan, akademik zek\u00e2s\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun dahi sosyal ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 okumakta zorlanabilece\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cDi\u011fer \u00e7ocuklarla ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde tepki vermeyince \u00f6nce farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, ard\u0131ndan alay konusu olabilir ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 zorbal\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Akademik zek\u00e2 ile sosyal ve duygusal beceriler her zaman ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fmiyor. Bu nedenle \u00e7ocu\u011fu yaln\u0131zca \u2018utanga\u00e7\u2019, \u2018uyumsuz\u2019 veya \u2018garip\u2019 \u015feklinde etiketlemek yerine sosyal ileti\u015fim becerileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u201cBen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcy\u00fcm, o savunmas\u0131z; o halde onu ezebilirim\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkezinde \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yanl\u0131\u015f bir g\u00fc\u00e7 alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu kaydeden Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cZorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n temelinde \u00e7o\u011fu zaman g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fczerinden kurulan yanl\u0131\u015f bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r: \u2018Ben g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcy\u00fcm, o savunmas\u0131z; o halde onu ezebilirim.\u2019 Empati ve merhametin zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamlarda farkl\u0131 olan \u00e7ocuk daha kolay hedef haline gelir. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli sorun da sessiz kalan \u00f6\u011frencilerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez hale gelmesidir. Zorbal\u0131k yaln\u0131zca zorban\u0131n ve ma\u011fdurun sorunu de\u011fildir; s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren bir okul iklimi problemidir.\u201d ifadesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n Bu noktada \u00f6\u011fretmene \u00f6nemli sorumluluk d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyen Prof. Dr. Tarhan, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n liderinin \u00f6\u011fretmen olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirterek, \u201c\u0130yi bir \u00f6\u011fretmen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndaki \u00f6\u011frencileri tan\u0131r; geride kalan\u0131, sessizle\u015feni, d\u0131\u015flanan\u0131 fark eder. Fakat bunu \u00e7ocu\u011fu herkesin \u00f6n\u00fcnde te\u015fhir ederek de\u011fil, birebir ve empatik ileti\u015fim kurarak yapar.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u201cZorbal\u0131k yapan \u00e7ocu\u011fu da sadece \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7ocuk\u2019 diye damgalamay\u0131n\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cZorbal\u0131k yapan \u00e7ocuk da sadece \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7ocuk\u2019 diye damgalanmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d diyen Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cHer \u015fiddet davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda bir mesajd\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun hangi duygusal ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, ailede nas\u0131l bir ileti\u015fim g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, kendisini de\u011fersiz hissedip hissetmedi\u011fine bakmak gerekir.\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Tarhan, sevginin az, bask\u0131n\u0131n ve ele\u015ftirinin fazla oldu\u011fu ailelerde \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u015fiddeti problem \u00e7\u00f6zme y\u00f6ntemi olarak \u00f6\u011frenebildi\u011fini belirterek, \u201cAilede s\u0131cak bir ortam\u0131n olmamas\u0131 hem fail olmaya hem de kurban olmaya zemin haz\u0131rlayabiliyor.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Siber zorbal\u0131kta \u201cg\u00fcvenli alan\u201d ortadan kalk\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n Raporun dikkat \u00e7eken ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri de dijitalle\u015fmeyle birlikte zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n okul d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 oldu. Siber zorbal\u0131k raporda; dijital platformlar \u00fczerinden tehdit, taciz, alay, iftira, siber \u015fantaj ve mahremiyet ihlali yoluyla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n psikolojik ve sosyal olarak hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Tarhan ise sosyal medyan\u0131n zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cseyirci kitlesini\u201d b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirterek, \u201cEskiden birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir alay veya d\u0131\u015flama olay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u00e7evrede kal\u0131rken, bug\u00fcn sosyal medyan\u0131n viral etkisiyle onlarca, y\u00fczlerce hatta \u00e7ok daha fazla ki\u015fiye ula\u015fabiliyor.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u201cSiber zorbal\u0131kta okulun kap\u0131s\u0131 kapanm\u0131yor\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Siber zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcz y\u00fcze zorbal\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re en \u00f6nemli farklar\u0131ndan birinin s\u00fcreklilik oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7eken Tarhan, \u015fu ifadeleri kulland\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cY\u00fcz y\u00fcze zorbal\u0131k \u00e7o\u011funlukla belirli bir fiziksel ortamda meydana gelir. \u00c7ocuk okuldan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fcvenli alan\u0131na d\u00f6nebilir. Siber zorbal\u0131kta okulun kap\u0131s\u0131 kapanm\u0131yor. Telefon \u00e7ocu\u011fun cebinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tehdit, hakaret, if\u015fa ve d\u0131\u015flama eve, hatta \u00e7ocu\u011fun odas\u0131na kadar geliyor. Bu durum ma\u011fdurda \u2018ka\u00e7abilece\u011fim g\u00fcvenli bir alan yok\u2019 duygusunu olu\u015fturabiliyor.\u201d<\/p>\n Dijital ortamda bir foto\u011fraf veya videonun tekrar tekrar payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n travmatik etkiyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebildi\u011fini kaydeden Tarhan, \u00e7ocuklarda okul reddi, akademik ba\u015far\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, i\u00e7e kapanma, depresif belirtiler ve yo\u011fun kayg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n y\u00fczde 80\u2019i g\u00fcnde 3 saatten fazla ekranda<\/strong><\/p>\n Raporda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 80\u2019inin g\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 saatten fazla aktif olarak dijital ekran kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildiriliyor. Raporda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ekran maruziyetinin odaklanma zafiyeti ve \u00f6\u011frenilen bilgilerin uzun s\u00fcreli belle\u011fe aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda sorunlarla ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fi de ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n Kontrols\u00fcz kullan\u0131m\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ili\u015fkilerin yerine sanal ili\u015fkileri ge\u00e7irebildi\u011fini belirten Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cBen sosyal medyan\u0131n akran ili\u015fkilerinde zaman zaman toksik etki yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Ger\u00e7ek akran ili\u015fkisinde y\u00fcz y\u00fcze ileti\u015fim, fiziksel temas, mimikleri okuma, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n sevincini ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zlemleme vard\u0131r. Empati bu ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7erisinde geli\u015fir. Ekran ili\u015fkisinde ise bunlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ortadan kalk\u0131yor.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u201cDijital anestezi\u201d uyar\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Uzun s\u00fcreli ve ama\u00e7s\u0131z ekran kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u201cdijital anestezi\u201d kavram\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klayan Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201c\u00c7ocuk ekran\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011finde zaman ve \u00f6ncelik alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kaybedebiliyor. \u00c7ocu\u011fa ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullanmay\u0131, zaman y\u00f6netimini, dijital ortamda kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakinin de duygular\u0131 olan ger\u00e7ek bir insan oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011fretmek gerekir. Empatiyi \u00f6\u011fretmek burada \u00e7ok de\u011ferlidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc empatiyi \u00f6\u011frenen \u00e7ocuk siber zorbal\u0131\u011fa daha az y\u00f6nelir.\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyada sosyal medyaya ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcndemde<\/strong><\/p>\n Raporda farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 dijital risklerden korumak amac\u0131yla ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemlere de yer veriliyor. \u00c7in\u2019de 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ebeveyn izni olmadan sosyal medya hesab\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirildi\u011fi, G\u00fcney Kore\u2019de 16 ya\u015f alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklara y\u00f6nelik gece \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i oyun k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ABD\u2019nin Florida eyaletinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sosyal medya kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin bulundu\u011fu aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. Raporda ayr\u0131ca Avustralya, Yunanistan ve \u0130rlanda\u2019daki d\u00fczenleme tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 13 ya\u015f alt\u0131n\u0131n sosyal a\u011flara eri\u015fimine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bilgileri de yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u201cHedef d\u0131\u015f denetimden i\u00e7 denetime ge\u00e7i\u015f olmal\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda ekran kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cErgenlik d\u00f6neminde yaln\u0131zca yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ters etki yapabilir. \u00c7ocuk, anne baban\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamda yine dijital d\u00fcnyayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facakt\u0131r. E\u011fer i\u00e7 denetim geli\u015ftirmemi\u015fse yasak kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda kontrols\u00fcz kullan\u0131ma y\u00f6nelebilir. Bu nedenle hedef d\u0131\u015f denetimden i\u00e7 denetime ge\u00e7i\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d dedi.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201cBurada dijital ebeveynlik gerekiyor.\u201d diyen Tarhan, anne ve baban\u0131n hem s\u0131n\u0131r koymas\u0131 hem de s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n nedenini anlatmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirterek, \u00e7ocuklara medya okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bilin\u00e7li dijital kullan\u0131m becerileri kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n Raporda dikkat \u00e7eken kavram; \u201cAkran nezaketi\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Raporda zorbal\u0131kla m\u00fccadelede \u201cakran nezaketi\u201d ve \u201cdijital nezaket\u201d kavramlar\u0131 da \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sivil toplum i\u015f birli\u011fiyle \u201cZorbal\u0131ktan Uzak Program\u0131\u201dn\u0131n pilot uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 12-13 ya\u015f grubunda akrandan akrana e\u011fitim programlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi belirtiliyor. Uzmanlar\u0131n ilkokul \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131ftan itibaren dijital etik kurallar\u0131n m\u00fcfredata al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi aktar\u0131l\u0131rken, BTK\u2019n\u0131n da siber zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201csiber nezakete\u201d, akran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise \u201cakran nezaketine\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi ama\u00e7layan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n \u201cNegatifle m\u00fccadelenin yolu pozitifi art\u0131rmakt\u0131r\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Nevzat Tarhan da zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca yasaklama ve cezaland\u0131rma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6zmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek \u201cakran nezaketi\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekti. Tarhan, \u201cAkran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131yla m\u00fccadelede yaln\u0131zca negatifi ortadan kald\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak yeterli de\u011fildir. Negatifle m\u00fccadelenin en etkili yollar\u0131ndan biri pozitifi art\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u2018akran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u2018akran nezaketi\u2019ni koymak gerekir.<\/strong>\u00a0Nezaketin i\u00e7erisinde empati vard\u0131r; kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131, ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ve duygusunu dikkate almak vard\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 anlamak de\u011fil, onu incitmeden problemi \u00e7\u00f6zme becerisi vard\u0131r.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201cTeknoloji h\u0131z verir ama de\u011ferler y\u00f6n g\u00f6sterir\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemede sosyal ve duygusal e\u011fitimin ergenli\u011fe b\u0131rak\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulayan Tarhan, \u201cBilgi y\u00fcklemekten \u00f6nce \u00e7ocu\u011fun karakterine bir pusula kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc teknoloji h\u0131z verir ama de\u011ferler y\u00f6n g\u00f6sterir.\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n Empatinin do\u011fu\u015ftan de\u011fi\u015fmez bir \u00f6zellik de\u011fil, \u00f6\u011frenilebilen bir beceri oldu\u011funu dile getiren Prof. Dr. Tarhan, \u201cDe\u011fer e\u011fitimini yaln\u0131zca haftada bir saatlik ders olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek gerekir. De\u011fer i\u00e7erikli e\u011fitim olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Matematikte, edebiyatta, tarihte, hatta fen derslerinde bile olaylar \u00fczerinden adalet, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck, merhamet, i\u015f birli\u011fi ve sorumluluk tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir. B\u00f6ylece de\u011ferler teorik bir bilgi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelir.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u201cAkran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilac\u0131 empatik ileti\u015fimdir\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Zorbal\u0131k ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra yaln\u0131zca cezaland\u0131rmaya odaklanman\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Tarhan, s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle tamamlad\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cZorbal\u0131k yapan \u00e7ocu\u011fun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n sonucunu g\u00f6rmesi, ma\u011fdurun ne hissetti\u011fini anlamas\u0131 ve sorumluluk almas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Akran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na akran nezaketini koymak gerekir. Akran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilac\u0131 empatik ileti\u015fimdir.\u00a0<\/strong>B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcc\u00fcl davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ortak noktalar\u0131ndan biri empati yoksunlu\u011fudur. \u00c7ocu\u011fun vicdan\u0131n\u0131, merhametini ve empati kapasitesini geli\u015ftirirsek zorbal\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra pe\u015finden ko\u015fmak yerine daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nleyebiliriz.\u201d<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Kaynak: (BYZHA) Beyaz Haber Ajans\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Dilek\u00e7e Komisyonu b\u00fcnyesinde kurulan \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim ile Orta\u00f6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131nda Akran Zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Al\u0131nabilecek \u00d6nlemlerin Belirlenmesi Alt Komisyonu\u2019nun tutanak ve sunumlar\u0131ndan derlenen rapor, \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131ndaki zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyutlar\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30151,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30150"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30152,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30150\/revisions\/30152"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolay.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}